Chemistry study notes
Data and Experimental Skills
Read unfamiliar evidence, make useful measurements and explain what a result can support.
O-Level 5086 / 5088 (2026) / SEC G3 K326 / K328 (2027)
Choose a topic
8 topicsRead unfamiliar data
Select evidence and connect it to a chemical principle.
Graphs and calculations
Turn numbers into a trend, gradient or justified result.
Evaluate evidence
Explain limitations and target improvements.
Measurements and recording
Keep raw readings, temperature changes and observations interpretable.
Titration and quantitative analysis
Make the measured volume correspond to the reacting amount.
Plan an investigation
Specify a fair comparison and how it will answer the question.
Reason from qualitative tests
Keep the observation separate from the inferred identity.
Separation and recovery
Choose what to retain and how to recover it.
Scope and references
Learning outcomes and sources
Chemistry Practical Test and practical techniques. Use the outcome map to find the explanation for a particular syllabus requirement.
These labels map assessment skills and practical techniques, separately from the numbered theory outcomes. P, MMO, PDO and ACE are practical skill areas; T labels follow the listed techniques, and B labels follow H1 Assessment Objective B.
See the learning outcome map
Practical(a) Quantitative titration
- Pipette, burette and suitable indicator
- Use supplied information for unfamiliar titrations
Practical(b) Reaction-rate measurements
- Use appropriate measured quantities and time
- Interpret a rate graph or calculation
Turn measurements into a graph or calculationPlan a comparison that can answer the question
Practical(c) Temperature measurements
- Read an appropriate thermometer
- Measure and compare temperature changes
Measure temperature changes and changes in massRecord measurements that another person can interpret
Practical(d) Investigatory problems
- Use relevant evidence for an unfamiliar investigation
- Control variables and reach a supported conclusion
- Suitable organic contexts may be supplied
Read unfamiliar data with a purposeEvaluate evidence and explain the direction of an errorPlan a comparison that can answer the question
Practical(e) Paper chromatography
- Baseline, solvent level and solvent front
- Interpret separated spots using appropriate comparisons
Practical(f) Filtration
- Distinguish residue and filtrate
- Recover and wash the desired solid
Practical(g) Qualitative inorganic analysis
- Precipitation and specified redox, ion and gas tests
- Observe and infer using supplied instructions
- No required sulfur dioxide practical test or salt-preparation description
Techniques Practical recording and technique
- Record burette readings to the stated precision
- Obtain agreeing titres
- Record colour, precipitates, excess-reagent behaviour and gas evidence
Record measurements that another person can interpretMake a titre correspond to the reacting amountsReason from an unknown test without guessing
- Pure Chemistry 6092: practical assessment
Pages 26-28: P, MMO, PDO, ACE, experimental techniques and recording guidance. Technique labels T1-T7 follow the numbered list.
- Combined Science Chemistry: practical test
Chemistry Practical Test and Practical Techniques, page 58. Practical(a)-(g) follow its list; Techniques groups the recording guidance.
- H1 Chemistry 8873: assessment objectives
Assessment Objective B, page 6. H1 has no practical paper; its view includes only the three data and evidence topics.
- H2 Chemistry 9476: practical assessment and reference notes
Pages 35-40: skills, eight technique areas and qualitative-analysis notes. T1-T8 follow the listed techniques. Worked examples and graph here are original.
- 2027 Pure Chemistry K324
Practical assessment and techniques, pages 26-28; scope and recording guidance checked against the 2026 version.
- 2027 Combined Science Chemistry K326 / K328
Chemistry practical assessment and techniques; the same practical scope and exclusions are retained.
- 2027 H1 Chemistry 8873
Assessment Objective B: handling, applying and evaluating information.
- 2027 H2 Chemistry 9476
Practical assessment and qualitative-analysis reference, pages 35-40; same technique areas and exclusions.
- Grail: RI Planning Experiments Tutorial 2 (2026)
Pages 1-10 consulted for operational planning, measurement and clock-method assumptions. The quantities, examples and graph in these notes are original; official H2 hands-on exclusions are retained.
- Grail: Beatty thermometric titration exercise
Pages 1-4 consulted for temperature-volume recording and intersecting-trend interpretation. The worked numerical graph here is original and appears in the H2 practical scope.
- Grail: RI Planning Experiments Tutorial 3 (2026)
Pages 3-4 consulted for explaining reflux, washing, drying and distillation from product and impurity properties. The generic purification example here is original.
- Grail: RI Acid-Base Equilibria (2023)
Page 30 visually checked for the named practical indicator colours and titration direction; scope checked against current official practical requirements.