DNA amplification and analysis
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A no-template control produces the expected band. What is the main concern?
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Contamination or a non-specific product must be investigated.
A positive negative-control lane undermines the interpretation of sample bands.
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A PCR starts with 5 copies of a target. After 10 ideal cycles, about how many copies are there?
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About 5,000
5 x 2^10 = 5 x 1,024, which is about 5,000. Each ideal cycle doubles every copy.
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Where should DNA generally move from the wells?
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Towards the positive electrode
The phosphate backbone gives DNA a negative charge.
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Which statement about agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA is NOT correct?
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Longer fragments travel further from the wells
The gel slows longer fragments more, so shorter fragments travel further.
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Why wash the membrane after probe incubation?
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To reduce background from unbound or unsuitable probe binding
This makes the detected pattern more specific and interpretable.
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Write a short answer, then compare it with a sample and check for missing ideas.