Cell signalling and glucose control
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Which is a cellular response rather than reception?
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Increased transcription of a target gene
This is an output of the signalling pathway.
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What directly reverses a protein phosphorylation?
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A phosphatase removing the phosphate group
The effect depends on the target, but dephosphorylation reverses that chemical modification.
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Which statements about a cAMP signalling pathway are correct? 1: cAMP is made from ATP by adenylyl cyclase. 2: The hormone enters the cell and becomes cAMP. 3: One active enzyme can activate many molecules of the next. 4: Phosphodiesterase breaks down cAMP to end the signal.
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1, 3 and 4 only
cAMP comes from ATP, the cascade amplifies, and phosphodiesterase ends the signal. The hormone stays outside as the first messenger.
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Which receptor class is used in the specified insulin pathway?
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A receptor tyrosine kinase
Its activation initiates phosphorylation-based signalling.
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Which pairing is correct?
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Glucagon from alpha cells promotes liver glucose release after a fall
This helps restore blood glucose towards its regulated range.
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