K323 / 2027

Chapter 9

Thermal properties of matter

Energy can change a substance's temperature or its state.

Choose the appropriate energy calculation and explain the result using particles.

Includes heat capacity, evaporation, latent heat, cooling curves and thermal measurements. For K323 (2027) / 6091 (2026).

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Choose a topic

  1. Internal energy

    Distinguish temperature from the total kinetic and potential contributions to internal energy.

  2. Heat capacity and specific heat capacity

    Calculate energy for a temperature change and interpret a heating measurement.

  3. Changes of state

    Explain melting, solidification, boiling and condensation while temperature remains constant.

  4. Boiling and evaporation

    Distinguish surface evaporation from boiling and explain evaporative cooling.

  5. Latent heat

    Calculate energy for a change of state, separate thermal stages and interpret melting measurements.

  6. Cooling curves

    Sketch and interpret temperature-time graphs and evaluate a temperature probe record.