Chapter 12
Light
Ray diagrams show where light travels and help explain where an image appears.
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Reflection and plane mirrors
Measure angles from a normal and locate a plane-mirror image using reflected rays.
Refraction and refractive index
Trace light across boundaries and calculate angles and speed using the stated media.
Critical angle and optical fibres
Explain the conditions for total internal reflection and how fibres guide light.
Converging action and focal length
Identify a principal focus and measure focal length from the lens centre.
Real and virtual images
Construct lens ray diagrams and explain image size, orientation and screen formation.