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Combined Science Chemistry

Chemistry study notes

Acid-Base Chemistry

Use ions and reaction patterns to explain acids, bases and salts.

O-Level 5086 / 5088 (2026) / SEC G3 K326 / K328 (2027)

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3 topics

  1. Acids, alkalis and pH

    Read acidity as an ion balance, not just a colour.

  2. Recognise the reaction pattern

    Predict the salt and the other products.

  3. Classify an oxide by its reactions

    Metal/non-metal character suggests a pattern, but exceptions matter.

Scope and references

Learning outcomes and sources

5. Acid-Base Chemistry (5086 / 5088 / K326 / K328). Use the outcome map to find the explanation for a particular syllabus requirement.

See the learning outcome map

  1. 5(a) Define acids and alkalis

    • Aqueous H+ and OH-
    • Universal Indicator

    Acids, alkalis and pH

  2. 5(b) Compare acidity and alkalinity

    • Relative ion concentrations
    • Indicator colours
    • pH scale, no logarithmic calculation

    Acids, alkalis and pH

  3. 5(c) Describe acid reaction patterns

    • Metals, bases and carbonates
    • Salt products

    Recognise the reaction pattern

  4. 5(d) Explain neutralisation

    • H+ + OH- -> water

    Recognise the reaction pattern

  5. 5(e) Explain control of soil acidity

    • Importance of soil pH
    • Calcium hydroxide treatment

    Acids, alkalis and pH

  6. 5(f) Describe base reactions

    • With acids
    • With ammonium salts on warming

    Recognise the reaction pattern

  7. 5(g) Classify oxides

    • Acidic, basic, amphoteric, neutral
    • Metal/non-metal character and exceptions

    Classify an oxide by its reactions