Skip to notes
H1 Chemistry

Chemistry study notes

Chemical Energetics: Thermochemistry

Read reaction energy, measure heat and use supplied cycles without losing signs or stoichiometric factors.

A-Level 8873, revised syllabus (2026-2027)

Choose a topic

3 topics
  1. Meaning of energy

    Define a process and read its profile.

  2. Measuring enthalpy

    Turn a temperature rise into a molar result.

  3. Indirect routes

    Use supplied Hess and bond-energy routes.

Scope and references

Learning outcomes and sources

6. Chemical Energetics: Thermochemistry (8873, 2026 revision; examinations 2026 and 2027). Use the outcome map to find the explanation for a particular syllabus requirement.

See the learning outcome map
  1. 6(a) Explain exothermic and endothermic changes.

    • Bond breaking/forming, heat transfer and sign of enthalpy.

    Breaking needs energy; forming releases it

  2. 6(b) Construct and interpret energy profiles.

    • Reaction enthalpy, activation energy and link to kinetics.

    Breaking needs energy; forming releases it

  3. 6(c) Define the specified energy terms.

    • (i) Reaction enthalpy, standard conditions, formation, combustion and neutralisation.
    • (ii) Bond energy as positive bond breaking.
    • (iii) Lattice energy as negative gaseous-ion-to-solid formation.

    Name the exact process and amountBreaking needs energy; forming releases it

  4. 6(d) Calculate experimental enthalpy changes.

    • q = mcDeltaT; heat sign, reacting amount and assumptions.

    Convert a temperature change into heat per mole

  5. 6(e) Explain lattice-energy magnitude.

    • Effects of ionic charge and radius, qualitative only.

    Name the exact process and amount

  6. 6(f) Use supplied Hess cycles and bond energies.

    • Supplied simple cycles; formation/combustion/neutralisation scope.
    • (i) Indirect determination, including formation from combustion.
    • (ii) Average bond energies; cycle construction not required.

    Follow the arrows in the supplied cycle