Cities in a sustainable future
H2 Geography - syllabus 9173, 2027
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Explain urban growth, waste, housing and reimaging, then assess what makes cities liveable for different residents.
- Measuring urban sustainability
A useful urban indicator measures a relevant aspect of economic vitality, environmental integrity or social well-being.
- Urban growth and population loss
Growth and decline create different pressures; outcomes depend on the speed of change and the capacity to respond.
- Urban demand on the environment
Cities draw in food, water, energy and materials, then send waste and environmental pressures beyond their boundaries.
- Urban solid-waste problems
Waste management must address how much is generated, whether it is collected and what happens after collection.
- Managing urban solid waste
An effective waste system combines prevention, collection, recovery and safe treatment of what remains.
- Slums and housing deprivation
Slum conditions arise when access to adequate housing and services falls short; several deprivations can reinforce one another.
- Improving housing in slum areas
Housing improvement succeeds when safer homes and services remain affordable and connected to livelihoods.
- Urban reimaging
Urban reimaging seeks to change how a place is perceived, often to attract investment, visitors and new activity.
- Evaluating urban reimaging
Reimaging is more durable when it improves the place itself, fits local demand and includes residents and existing businesses.
- Liveability and sustainability
Liveability concerns how suitable a place is for people's lives; sustainability also asks about effects on other people, places and future generations.
- Ageing and urban life
Ageing changes urban needs, but older residents have varied incomes, abilities, responsibilities and preferences.
- Age-friendly cities
Age-friendly design works best as a connected journey, supported by affordability, services and participation.
- Gender and urban life
A liveable city gives women equitable access to work, services, public space and decision-making.
- Creating liveable cities for women
Effective action combines inclusive planning, usable services and credible protection, rather than relying on one physical feature.