9478 / 2027

Chapter 12

Temperature and Ideal Gases

Name the particles, use kelvin and absolute pressure, and distinguish a gas measurement from the assumptions used to explain it.

Connect measurable gas quantities with a microscopic model while keeping counts, averages and controlled conditions clear.

Thermodynamic temperature, moles and particle number, the ideal-gas equation, kinetic-theory assumptions and pressure derivation, mean translational energy and rms speed. For 9478 (2027).

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  1. Temperature on an absolute scale

    Convert Celsius and kelvin readings and distinguish a temperature, an interval and an absolute-temperature ratio.

  2. Particles, moles and mass

    Name the entities being counted and connect sample mass, amount of substance and particle number.

  3. Use the ideal-gas equation

    Calculate gas states, compare controlled changes and interpret a fixed-volume pressure-temperature investigation.

  4. Pressure from particle collisions

    Derive pressure from wall impulses, same-wall return times and isotropic mean-square velocity components.

  5. Temperature and particle energy

    Relate absolute temperature to mean translational kinetic energy and compare mean and rms speeds.