9477 / 2027

Chapter 10 / 9 short lessons

Mutation, cell division and cancer

Connect sequence changes, chromosome behaviour and regulation to inheritance and cell function.

H2 Biology / 9477 / 2027 syllabus

What do you think?

A diploid cell replicates its DNA. Has its chromosome-set number doubled?

Lessons

0 of 9 marked as read
01

Substitutions and frameshifts

Explain sequence mutations and their possible amino-acid consequences.

About 7 min
About 7 min
02

Change chromosome structure or number

Explain aneuploidy, trisomy 21 and structural chromosome aberrations.

About 7 min
About 7 min
03

From a base change to sickling

Link gene mutation to protein structure and disease using sickle-cell anaemia.

About 7 min
About 7 min
04

Discuss prenatal genetic screening

Discuss benefits, limitations and ethical issues in maternal genetic screening.

About 6 min
About 6 min
05

Mitosis preserves chromosome number

Describe the mitotic cycle, named stages and its normal significance.

About 8 min
About 8 min
06

Meiosis I separates homologues

Describe meiosis I, crossing-over and independent orientation.

About 8 min
About 8 min
07

Meiosis II and random fertilisation

Describe meiosis II and link meiotic processes to variation and fertilisation.

About 7 min
About 7 min
08

When division controls fail

Explain checkpoint regulation, p53 loss and ras activation.

About 7 min
About 7 min
09

Cancer develops through multiple steps

Explain risk factors, mutation accumulation, angiogenesis and metastasis.

About 7 min
About 7 min
What you will be able to do
  • Distinguish gene and chromosome changes.
  • Track mitosis and both meiotic divisions.
  • Explain cancer mechanisms and discuss screening ethically.

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Start with a quick check or explain a biological result in your own words.

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