html[data-standalone-reader]{--app-safe-area-top: max(env(safe-area-inset-top, 0px), calc(var(--tg-safe-area-inset-top, 0px) + var(--tg-content-safe-area-inset-top, 0px)), var(--app-telegram-safe-area-top, 0px));--app-safe-area-right: max(env(safe-area-inset-right, 0px), calc(var(--tg-safe-area-inset-right, 0px) + var(--tg-content-safe-area-inset-right, 0px)), var(--app-telegram-safe-area-right, 0px));--app-safe-area-bottom: max(env(safe-area-inset-bottom, 0px), calc(var(--tg-safe-area-inset-bottom, 0px) + var(--tg-content-safe-area-inset-bottom, 0px)), var(--app-telegram-safe-area-bottom, 0px));--app-safe-area-left: max(env(safe-area-inset-left, 0px), calc(var(--tg-safe-area-inset-left, 0px) + var(--tg-content-safe-area-inset-left, 0px)), var(--app-telegram-safe-area-left, 0px));scroll-padding-top:calc(84px + var(--app-safe-area-top))}@media screen{html[data-standalone-reader] :is(.geo-topbar,.topbar,.e-topbar){box-sizing:border-box;height:calc(var(--reader-toolbar-height) + var(--app-safe-area-top));padding-top:var(--app-safe-area-top);padding-right:max(var(--reader-toolbar-side),var(--app-safe-area-right));padding-left:max(var(--reader-toolbar-side),var(--app-safe-area-left));background:#fff}html[data-standalone-reader] .geo-topbar{--reader-toolbar-height: 69px;--reader-toolbar-side: 38px}html[data-standalone-reader] .topbar{--reader-toolbar-height: 74px;--reader-toolbar-side: 42px}html[data-standalone-reader] .e-topbar{--reader-toolbar-height: 75px;--reader-toolbar-side: 46px}html[data-standalone-reader] .desktop-sidebar{padding-top:var(--app-safe-area-top);padding-bottom:var(--app-safe-area-bottom);padding-left:var(--app-safe-area-left)}html[data-standalone-reader] :is(.geo-mobile-sheet,.mobile-chapter-sheet,.e-mobile-sheet){box-sizing:border-box;top:var(--app-viewport-offset-top, 0px);height:var(--app-viewport-height, 100dvh);padding-top:var(--app-safe-area-top);padding-bottom:var(--app-safe-area-bottom);padding-left:var(--app-safe-area-left)}html[data-standalone-reader] .mobile-chapter-sheet .chapter-nav{min-height:100%}html[data-standalone-reader] :is(.geo-mobile-sheet,.mobile-chapter-sheet,.e-mobile-sheet)>button{top:calc(8px + var(--app-safe-area-top));right:8px;min-width:44px;min-height:44px;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}html[data-standalone-reader] :is(.mobile-menu,.menu-button){min-width:44px;min-height:44px}html[data-standalone-reader] [data-slot=dialog-content]{top:calc(var(--app-viewport-offset-top, 0px) + (var(--app-viewport-height, 100dvh) + var(--app-safe-area-top) - var(--app-safe-area-bottom)) / 2);max-height:calc(var(--app-viewport-height, 100dvh) - var(--app-safe-area-top) - var(--app-safe-area-bottom) - 32px);max-width:calc(100vw - var(--app-safe-area-left) - var(--app-safe-area-right) - 32px);overflow-y:auto}html[data-standalone-reader] .bio-hub-header{padding-top:calc(25px + var(--app-safe-area-top));padding-left:max(36px,var(--app-safe-area-left));padding-right:max(36px,var(--app-safe-area-right))}html[data-standalone-reader] .practice-source-panel{top:calc(94px + var(--app-safe-area-top))}html[data-standalone-reader] .question-picker{top:calc(105px + var(--app-safe-area-top))}html[data-standalone-reader] .mobile-practice-tabs{top:calc(73px + var(--app-safe-area-top))}html[data-standalone-reader] .send-row{bottom:calc(9px + var(--app-safe-area-bottom))}html[data-standalone-reader] :is(.geo-footer,.site-footer,.e-footer){padding-bottom:calc(24px + var(--app-safe-area-bottom))}html[data-standalone-reader] :is(.bio-app,.geography-app,.hist-app,.ss-app,.econ-app) [id]{scroll-margin-top:calc(86px + var(--app-safe-area-top))}}@media screen and (max-width: 1200px){html[data-standalone-reader] .e-topbar{--reader-toolbar-side: 30px}}@media screen and (max-width: 1000px){html[data-standalone-reader] .e-topbar{--reader-toolbar-side: 25px}}@media screen and (max-width: 900px){html[data-standalone-reader] .geo-topbar{--reader-toolbar-height: 61px;--reader-toolbar-side: 20px}}@media screen and (max-width: 760px){html[data-standalone-reader] .e-topbar{--reader-toolbar-height: 61px;--reader-toolbar-side: 18px}}@media screen and (max-width: 720px){html[data-standalone-reader] .topbar{--reader-toolbar-height: 65px;--reader-toolbar-side: 20px}html[data-standalone-reader] .bio-hub-header{padding-top:calc(20px + var(--app-safe-area-top));padding-left:max(20px,var(--app-safe-area-left));padding-right:max(20px,var(--app-safe-area-right))}}@media screen and (max-width: 450px){html[data-standalone-reader] .topbar{--reader-toolbar-side: 17px}html[data-standalone-reader] .e-topbar{--reader-toolbar-side: 13px}}@media screen and (max-width: 600px){html[data-standalone-reader] .geo-topbar{--reader-toolbar-side: 10px}}@media screen{html[data-standalone-reader] :is(.physics-reader-header,.chem-header,.physics-app>.site-header){height:auto;min-height:calc(var(--science-toolbar-height, 69px) + var(--app-safe-area-top));padding-top:calc(var(--science-toolbar-padding, 0px) + var(--app-safe-area-top));padding-left:max(var(--science-toolbar-side, 24px),var(--app-safe-area-left));padding-right:max(var(--science-toolbar-side, 24px),var(--app-safe-area-right))}html[data-standalone-reader] .chem-header{--science-toolbar-padding: 12px}html[data-standalone-reader] .desktop-contents{top:calc(90px + var(--app-safe-area-top));max-height:calc(100dvh - 110px - var(--app-safe-area-top) - var(--app-safe-area-bottom))}html[data-standalone-reader] .chem-sidebar{top:calc(100px + var(--app-safe-area-top));max-height:calc(100dvh - 124px - var(--app-safe-area-top) - var(--app-safe-area-bottom))}html[data-standalone-reader] :is(.physics-sheet,.chem-sheet){box-sizing:border-box;top:var(--app-viewport-offset-top, 0px);height:var(--app-viewport-height, 100dvh);max-height:var(--app-viewport-height, 100dvh);overflow-y:auto;padding-top:calc(24px + var(--app-safe-area-top));padding-bottom:calc(24px + var(--app-safe-area-bottom));padding-left:max(20px,var(--app-safe-area-left));padding-right:max(20px,var(--app-safe-area-right))}html[data-standalone-reader] :is(.physics-sheet,.chem-sheet)>button{top:calc(4px + var(--app-safe-area-top));right:4px;min-width:44px;min-height:44px;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}html[data-standalone-reader] :is(.physics-app,.chem-app) [id]{scroll-margin-top:calc(86px + var(--app-safe-area-top))}html[data-standalone-reader] :is(.reader-layout,.chem-layout,.physics-hub,.chem-hub){padding-left:max(24px,var(--app-safe-area-left));padding-right:max(24px,var(--app-safe-area-right))}html[data-standalone-reader] .chem-footer{padding-bottom:calc(24px + var(--app-safe-area-bottom))}}@media screen and (max-width: 760px){html[data-standalone-reader] .chem-header{--science-toolbar-height: 56px;--science-toolbar-padding: 6px;--science-toolbar-side: 17px}html[data-standalone-reader] .chem-header-reading{--science-toolbar-height: 61px;--science-toolbar-padding: 0px;--science-toolbar-side: 10px}html[data-standalone-reader] .chem-sidebar{max-height:none}html[data-standalone-reader] :is(.reader-layout,.chem-layout,.physics-hub,.chem-hub){padding-left:max(20px,var(--app-safe-area-left));padding-right:max(20px,var(--app-safe-area-right))}}@media screen and (max-width: 740px){html[data-standalone-reader] .physics-reader-header{--science-toolbar-height: 61px;--science-toolbar-side: 10px}}.notes-app-link[data-v-2f1450cd]{display:grid;grid-template-columns:16px minmax(0,1fr) 16px;align-items:center;gap:8px;width:100%;min-height:44px;height:auto;margin:0 0 16px;padding:10px 12px;border-color:#d9dfd0;background:transparent;color:#33473b;white-space:normal;text-align:left;font-size:13px;font-weight:500;box-shadow:none}.notes-app-link[data-v-2f1450cd]:hover{background:#edf1e8}.notes-app-link-inline[data-v-2f1450cd]{width:auto;margin:0;flex-shrink:0}.chem-diagrams[data-v-7ca512be]{--chem-ink: #20352f;--chem-teal: #166354;--chem-pale: #f5f8f6;--chem-line: #cfdfd8;--chem-amber: #97601d;color:var(--chem-ink);margin-block:1.4rem}.chem-diagram-grid[data-v-7ca512be]{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:1.5rem}figure[data-v-7ca512be]{min-width:0;margin:0;padding:1rem;background:var(--chem-pale);border:1px solid var(--chem-line);border-radius:14px}figure h3[data-v-7ca512be]{margin:0 0 .6rem;color:var(--chem-ink);font-size:1.02rem;line-height:1.45;font-weight:650;text-wrap:balance}.single-figure[data-v-7ca512be]{max-width:34rem;margin-inline:auto}.formula[data-v-7ca512be]{white-space:nowrap;font-weight:500}svg[data-v-7ca512be]{display:block;width:100%;max-width:340px;height:auto;margin-inline:auto;overflow:visible}svg text[data-v-7ca512be]{fill:var(--chem-ink);font-family:inherit;font-size:18px;text-anchor:middle}.atom-label[data-v-7ca512be]{font-size:25px;dominant-baseline:central;font-weight:550}.small-atom-label[data-v-7ca512be]{font-size:19px;dominant-baseline:central}.ion-label[data-v-7ca512be]{font-size:24px}.charge-label[data-v-7ca512be]{font-size:18px}.lattice-label[data-v-7ca512be]{font-size:20px}.lattice-charge[data-v-7ca512be]{font-size:18px}.group-label[data-v-7ca512be]{font-size:19px}.subscript[data-v-7ca512be]{font-size:18px}.atom-fill[data-v-7ca512be]{fill:#dcebe3;stroke:var(--chem-teal);stroke-width:1.8}.counterpart-fill[data-v-7ca512be]{fill:#f1dfc2;stroke:var(--chem-amber);stroke-width:1.8}.container[data-v-7ca512be]{fill:#fcfdfb;stroke:var(--chem-line);stroke-width:1.5}.water-container[data-v-7ca512be]{fill:#e9f2f3;stroke:#b8d3d7;stroke-width:1.5}.water-label[data-v-7ca512be]{fill:#42666d;font-size:19px}.electrode[data-v-7ca512be]{fill:#80918a}.ion-movement[data-v-7ca512be]{fill:none;stroke:var(--chem-teal);stroke-width:2.5;stroke-linecap:round}.bond[data-v-7ca512be]{fill:none;stroke:var(--chem-teal);stroke-width:3;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round}.bond-wedge[data-v-7ca512be]{fill:var(--chem-teal)}.behind-bond[data-v-7ca512be]{stroke-dasharray:3 5}.weak-attraction[data-v-7ca512be]{fill:none;stroke:var(--chem-amber);stroke-width:2.5;stroke-dasharray:5 5}.ion-bracket[data-v-7ca512be]{fill:none;stroke:var(--chem-ink);stroke-width:2}.electron-dot[data-v-7ca512be]{fill:var(--chem-teal)}.electron-cross[data-v-7ca512be]{fill:none;stroke:var(--chem-amber);stroke-width:2;stroke-linecap:round}.electron-token[data-v-7ca512be]{fill:#f1dfc2;stroke:var(--chem-amber);stroke-width:1.3}.electron-minus[data-v-7ca512be]{stroke:var(--chem-ink);stroke-width:1.7;stroke-linecap:round}.sheet[data-v-7ca512be]{fill:#dcebe3;stroke:var(--chem-teal);stroke-width:1.8}.layer-diagram[data-v-7ca512be]{margin-top:.4rem}.group-fill[data-v-7ca512be]{fill:#f5f8f6}figcaption[data-v-7ca512be],.diagram-intro[data-v-7ca512be],.diagram-reading[data-v-7ca512be]{font-size:.96rem;line-height:1.65}figcaption[data-v-7ca512be]{margin-top:.65rem}.diagram-intro[data-v-7ca512be]{margin:0 0 .8rem}.diagram-reading[data-v-7ca512be]{margin:1rem 0 0;font-weight:550}.diagram-note[data-v-7ca512be]{margin:.8rem 0 0;font-size:.88rem;line-height:1.65;color:#485f55}.electron-key[data-v-7ca512be],.line-key[data-v-7ca512be]{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:.55rem 1.3rem;margin:.7rem 0 0;padding:0;list-style:none;font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.5}.electron-key li[data-v-7ca512be],.line-key li[data-v-7ca512be]{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.5rem}.key-dot[data-v-7ca512be]{display:inline-block;width:7px;height:7px;margin-inline:3px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--chem-teal);flex:0 0 auto}.key-cross[data-v-7ca512be]{display:inline-block;position:relative;width:13px;height:13px;flex:0 0 auto}.key-cross[data-v-7ca512be]:before,.key-cross[data-v-7ca512be]:after{content:"";position:absolute;top:5px;left:1px;width:11px;height:2px;background:var(--chem-amber);transform:rotate(45deg)}.key-cross[data-v-7ca512be]:after{transform:rotate(-45deg)}.key-bond[data-v-7ca512be],.key-attraction[data-v-7ca512be]{width:24px;height:0;border-top:3px solid var(--chem-teal);flex:0 0 auto}.key-attraction[data-v-7ca512be]{border-top:2px dashed var(--chem-amber)}.key-metal[data-v-7ca512be],.key-electron[data-v-7ca512be]{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex:0 0 auto;width:20px;height:20px;background:#dcebe3;border:1px solid var(--chem-teal);border-radius:50%;color:var(--chem-ink);font-weight:600}.key-electron[data-v-7ca512be]{width:18px;height:14px;border-color:var(--chem-amber);background:#f1dfc2}@media (min-width: 740px){.chem-diagram-grid[data-v-7ca512be]{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));align-items:start}}@media (max-width: 390px){figure[data-v-7ca512be]{padding:.8rem}}@media print{figure[data-v-7ca512be]{break-inside:avoid;border-color:#92aba0}.chem-diagram-grid[data-v-7ca512be]{display:block}figure+figure[data-v-7ca512be]{margin-top:1rem}}/*! tailwindcss v4.1.8 | MIT License | https://tailwindcss.com */@layer properties{@supports (((-webkit-hyphens:none)) and (not (margin-trim:inline))) or ((-moz-orient:inline) and (not (color:rgb(from red r g b)))){*,:before,:after,::backdrop{--tw-rotate-x:initial;--tw-rotate-y:initial;--tw-rotate-z:initial;--tw-skew-x:initial;--tw-skew-y:initial;--tw-border-style:solid;--tw-font-weight:initial;--tw-shadow:0 0 #0000;--tw-shadow-color:initial;--tw-shadow-alpha:100%;--tw-inset-shadow:0 0 #0000;--tw-inset-shadow-color:initial;--tw-inset-shadow-alpha:100%;--tw-ring-color:initial;--tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000;--tw-inset-ring-color:initial;--tw-inset-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000;--tw-ring-inset:initial;--tw-ring-offset-width:0px;--tw-ring-offset-color:#fff;--tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000;--tw-outline-style:solid;--tw-blur:initial;--tw-brightness:initial;--tw-contrast:initial;--tw-grayscale:initial;--tw-hue-rotate:initial;--tw-invert:initial;--tw-opacity:initial;--tw-saturate:initial;--tw-sepia:initial;--tw-drop-shadow:initial;--tw-drop-shadow-color:initial;--tw-drop-shadow-alpha:100%;--tw-drop-shadow-size:initial;--tw-ease:initial;--tw-duration:initial}}}@layer theme{:root,:host{--font-sans:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",sans-serif;--font-serif:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;--font-mono:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,"Liberation Mono","Courier New",monospace;--color-black:#000;--color-white:#fff;--spacing:.25rem;--container-sm:24rem;--text-sm:.875rem;--text-sm--line-height:calc(1.25/.875);--font-weight-medium:500;--font-weight-semibold:600;--radius-xs:.125rem;--ease-in-out:cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1);--default-transition-duration:.15s;--default-transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1);--default-font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",sans-serif;--default-mono-font-family:var(--font-mono)}}@layer base{*,:after,:before,::backdrop{box-sizing:border-box;border:0 solid;margin:0;padding:0}::file-selector-button{box-sizing:border-box;border:0 solid;margin:0;padding:0}html,:host{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-moz-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;line-height:1.5;font-family:var(--default-font-family,ui-sans-serif,system-ui,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol","Noto Color Emoji");font-feature-settings:var(--default-font-feature-settings,normal);font-variation-settings:var(--default-font-variation-settings,normal);-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}hr{height:0;color:inherit;border-top-width:1px}abbr:where([title]){-webkit-text-decoration:underline dotted;text-decoration:underline dotted}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit}a{color:inherit;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit}b,strong{font-weight:bolder}code,kbd,samp,pre{font-family:var(--default-mono-font-family,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,"Liberation Mono","Courier New",monospace);font-feature-settings:var(--default-mono-font-feature-settings,normal);font-variation-settings:var(--default-mono-font-variation-settings,normal);font-size:1em}small{font-size:80%}sub,sup{vertical-align:baseline;font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative}sub{bottom:-.25em}sup{top:-.5em}table{text-indent:0;border-color:inherit;border-collapse:collapse}:-moz-focusring{outline:auto}progress{vertical-align:baseline}summary{display:list-item}ol,ul,menu{list-style:none}img,svg,video,canvas,audio,iframe,embed,object{vertical-align:middle;display:block}img,video{max-width:100%;height:auto}button,input,select,optgroup,textarea{font:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;font-variation-settings:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;color:inherit;opacity:1;background-color:#0000;border-radius:0}::file-selector-button{font:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;font-variation-settings:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;color:inherit;opacity:1;background-color:#0000;border-radius:0}:where(select:is([multiple],[size])) optgroup{font-weight:bolder}:where(select:is([multiple],[size])) optgroup option{padding-inline-start:20px}::file-selector-button{margin-inline-end:4px}::placeholder{opacity:1}@supports (not ((-webkit-appearance:-apple-pay-button))) or (contain-intrinsic-size:1px){::placeholder{color:currentColor}@supports (color:color-mix(in lab,red,red)){::placeholder{color:color-mix(in oklab,currentcolor 50%,transparent)}}}textarea{resize:vertical}::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}::-webkit-date-and-time-value{min-height:1lh;text-align:inherit}::-webkit-datetime-edit{display:inline-flex}::-webkit-datetime-edit-fields-wrapper{padding:0}::-webkit-datetime-edit{padding-block:0}::-webkit-datetime-edit-year-field{padding-block:0}::-webkit-datetime-edit-month-field{padding-block:0}::-webkit-datetime-edit-day-field{padding-block:0}::-webkit-datetime-edit-hour-field{padding-block:0}::-webkit-datetime-edit-minute-field{padding-block:0}::-webkit-datetime-edit-second-field{padding-block:0}::-webkit-datetime-edit-millisecond-field{padding-block:0}::-webkit-datetime-edit-meridiem-field{padding-block:0}:-moz-ui-invalid{box-shadow:none}button,input:where([type=button],[type=reset],[type=submit]){-webkit-appearance:button;-moz-appearance:button;appearance:button}::file-selector-button{-webkit-appearance:button;-moz-appearance:button;appearance:button}::-webkit-inner-spin-button{height:auto}::-webkit-outer-spin-button{height:auto}[hidden]:where(:not([hidden=until-found])){display:none!important}}@layer components;@layer utilities{.invisible{visibility:hidden}.visible{visibility:visible}.sr-only{clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border-width:0;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;position:absolute;overflow:hidden}.absolute{position:absolute}.fixed{position:fixed}.relative{position:relative}.static{position:static}.inset-0{inset:calc(var(--spacing)*0)}.inset-x-0{inset-inline:calc(var(--spacing)*0)}.inset-y-0{inset-block:calc(var(--spacing)*0)}.top-0{top:calc(var(--spacing)*0)}.top-4{top:calc(var(--spacing)*4)}.right-0{right:calc(var(--spacing)*0)}.right-4{right:calc(var(--spacing)*4)}.bottom-0{bottom:calc(var(--spacing)*0)}.left-0{left:calc(var(--spacing)*0)}.isolate{isolation:isolate}.z-50{z-index:50}.container{width:100%}@media (min-width:40rem){.container{max-width:40rem}}@media (min-width:48rem){.container{max-width:48rem}}@media (min-width:64rem){.container{max-width:64rem}}@media (min-width:80rem){.container{max-width:80rem}}@media (min-width:96rem){.container{max-width:96rem}}.mt-auto{margin-top:auto}.block{display:block}.contents{display:contents}.flex{display:flex}.hidden{display:none}.inline{display:inline}.inline-flex{display:inline-flex}.table{display:table}.size-4{width:calc(var(--spacing)*4);height:calc(var(--spacing)*4)}.size-9{width:calc(var(--spacing)*9);height:calc(var(--spacing)*9)}.h-8{height:calc(var(--spacing)*8)}.h-9{height:calc(var(--spacing)*9)}.h-10{height:calc(var(--spacing)*10)}.h-auto{height:auto}.h-full{height:100%}.w-3\/4{width:75%}.shrink-0{flex-shrink:0}.transform{transform:var(--tw-rotate-x,)var(--tw-rotate-y,)var(--tw-rotate-z,)var(--tw-skew-x,)var(--tw-skew-y,)}.flex-col{flex-direction:column}.flex-wrap{flex-wrap:wrap}.items-center{align-items:center}.justify-center{justify-content:center}.gap-1\.5{gap:calc(var(--spacing)*1.5)}.gap-2{gap:calc(var(--spacing)*2)}.gap-4{gap:calc(var(--spacing)*4)}.rounded{border-radius:.25rem}.rounded-md{border-radius:.5rem}.rounded-xs{border-radius:var(--radius-xs)}.border{border-style:var(--tw-border-style);border-width:1px}.border-t{border-top-style:var(--tw-border-style);border-top-width:1px}.border-r{border-right-style:var(--tw-border-style);border-right-width:1px}.border-b{border-bottom-style:var(--tw-border-style);border-bottom-width:1px}.border-l{border-left-style:var(--tw-border-style);border-left-width:1px}.bg-background{background-color:var(--chem-surface)}.bg-black\/80{background-color:#000c}@supports (color:color-mix(in lab,red,red)){.bg-black\/80{background-color:color-mix(in oklab,var(--color-black)80%,transparent)}}.bg-primary{background-color:var(--chem-primary)}.bg-secondary{background-color:var(--chem-soft)}.p-4{padding:calc(var(--spacing)*4)}.px-3{padding-inline:calc(var(--spacing)*3)}.px-4{padding-inline:calc(var(--spacing)*4)}.px-6{padding-inline:calc(var(--spacing)*6)}.py-2{padding-block:calc(var(--spacing)*2)}.text-sm{font-size:var(--text-sm);line-height:var(--tw-leading,var(--text-sm--line-height))}.font-medium{--tw-font-weight:var(--font-weight-medium);font-weight:var(--font-weight-medium)}.font-semibold{--tw-font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold);font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold)}.text-wrap{text-wrap:wrap}.whitespace-nowrap{white-space:nowrap}.text-foreground{color:var(--chem-ink)}.text-muted-foreground{color:var(--chem-quiet)}.text-primary{color:var(--chem-primary)}.text-primary-foreground{color:var(--chem-surface)}.text-secondary-foreground{color:var(--chem-ink)}.text-white{color:var(--color-white)}.underline-offset-4{text-underline-offset:4px}.opacity-70{opacity:.7}.shadow-lg{--tw-shadow:0 10px 15px -3px var(--tw-shadow-color,#0000001a),0 4px 6px -4px var(--tw-shadow-color,#0000001a);box-shadow:var(--tw-inset-shadow),var(--tw-inset-ring-shadow),var(--tw-ring-offset-shadow),var(--tw-ring-shadow),var(--tw-shadow)}.shadow-xs{--tw-shadow:0 1px 2px 0 var(--tw-shadow-color,#0000000d);box-shadow:var(--tw-inset-shadow),var(--tw-inset-ring-shadow),var(--tw-ring-offset-shadow),var(--tw-ring-shadow),var(--tw-shadow)}.ring{--tw-ring-shadow:var(--tw-ring-inset,)0 0 0 calc(1px + var(--tw-ring-offset-width))var(--tw-ring-color,currentcolor);box-shadow:var(--tw-inset-shadow),var(--tw-inset-ring-shadow),var(--tw-ring-offset-shadow),var(--tw-ring-shadow),var(--tw-shadow)}.ring-offset-background{--tw-ring-offset-color:var(--chem-surface)}.outline{outline-style:var(--tw-outline-style);outline-width:1px}.invert{--tw-invert:invert(100%);filter:var(--tw-blur,)var(--tw-brightness,)var(--tw-contrast,)var(--tw-grayscale,)var(--tw-hue-rotate,)var(--tw-invert,)var(--tw-saturate,)var(--tw-sepia,)var(--tw-drop-shadow,)}.filter{filter:var(--tw-blur,)var(--tw-brightness,)var(--tw-contrast,)var(--tw-grayscale,)var(--tw-hue-rotate,)var(--tw-invert,)var(--tw-saturate,)var(--tw-sepia,)var(--tw-drop-shadow,)}.transition{transition-property:color,background-color,border-color,outline-color,text-decoration-color,fill,stroke,--tw-gradient-from,--tw-gradient-via,--tw-gradient-to,opacity,box-shadow,transform,translate,scale,rotate,filter,-webkit-backdrop-filter,backdrop-filter,display,visibility,content-visibility,overlay,pointer-events;transition-timing-function:var(--tw-ease,var(--default-transition-timing-function));transition-duration:var(--tw-duration,var(--default-transition-duration))}.transition-colors{transition-property:color,background-color,border-color,outline-color,text-decoration-color,fill,stroke,--tw-gradient-from,--tw-gradient-via,--tw-gradient-to;transition-timing-function:var(--tw-ease,var(--default-transition-timing-function));transition-duration:var(--tw-duration,var(--default-transition-duration))}.transition-opacity{transition-property:opacity;transition-timing-function:var(--tw-ease,var(--default-transition-timing-function));transition-duration:var(--tw-duration,var(--default-transition-duration))}.ease-in-out{--tw-ease:var(--ease-in-out);transition-timing-function:var(--ease-in-out)}.outline-none{--tw-outline-style:none;outline-style:none}@media (hover:hover){.hover\:bg-accent:hover{background-color:var(--chem-soft)}.hover\:bg-primary\/90:hover{background-color:var(--chem-primary)}@supports (color:color-mix(in lab,red,red)){.hover\:bg-primary\/90:hover{background-color:color-mix(in oklab,var(--chem-primary)90%,transparent)}}.hover\:bg-secondary\/80:hover{background-color:var(--chem-soft)}@supports (color:color-mix(in lab,red,red)){.hover\:bg-secondary\/80:hover{background-color:color-mix(in oklab,var(--chem-soft)80%,transparent)}}.hover\:text-accent-foreground:hover{color:var(--chem-ink)}.hover\:underline:hover{text-decoration-line:underline}.hover\:opacity-100:hover{opacity:1}}.focus\:ring-2:focus{--tw-ring-shadow:var(--tw-ring-inset,)0 0 0 calc(2px + var(--tw-ring-offset-width))var(--tw-ring-color,currentcolor);box-shadow:var(--tw-inset-shadow),var(--tw-inset-ring-shadow),var(--tw-ring-offset-shadow),var(--tw-ring-shadow),var(--tw-shadow)}.focus\:ring-ring:focus{--tw-ring-color:var(--chem-ring)}.focus\:ring-offset-2:focus{--tw-ring-offset-width:2px;--tw-ring-offset-shadow:var(--tw-ring-inset,)0 0 0 var(--tw-ring-offset-width)var(--tw-ring-offset-color)}.focus\:outline-hidden:focus{--tw-outline-style:none;outline-style:none}@media (forced-colors:active){.focus\:outline-hidden:focus{outline-offset:2px;outline:2px solid #0000}}.focus-visible\:border-ring:focus-visible{border-color:var(--chem-ring)}.focus-visible\:ring-\[3px\]:focus-visible{--tw-ring-shadow:var(--tw-ring-inset,)0 0 0 calc(3px + var(--tw-ring-offset-width))var(--tw-ring-color,currentcolor);box-shadow:var(--tw-inset-shadow),var(--tw-inset-ring-shadow),var(--tw-ring-offset-shadow),var(--tw-ring-shadow),var(--tw-shadow)}.focus-visible\:ring-ring\/50:focus-visible{--tw-ring-color:var(--chem-ring)}@supports (color:color-mix(in lab,red,red)){.focus-visible\:ring-ring\/50:focus-visible{--tw-ring-color:color-mix(in oklab,var(--chem-ring)50%,transparent)}}.active\:brightness-90:active{--tw-brightness:brightness(90%);filter:var(--tw-blur,)var(--tw-brightness,)var(--tw-contrast,)var(--tw-grayscale,)var(--tw-hue-rotate,)var(--tw-invert,)var(--tw-saturate,)var(--tw-sepia,)var(--tw-drop-shadow,)}.disabled\:pointer-events-none:disabled{pointer-events:none}.disabled\:opacity-50:disabled{opacity:.5}.has-\[\>svg\]\:px-2\.5:has(>svg){padding-inline:calc(var(--spacing)*2.5)}.has-\[\>svg\]\:px-3:has(>svg){padding-inline:calc(var(--spacing)*3)}.has-\[\>svg\]\:px-4:has(>svg){padding-inline:calc(var(--spacing)*4)}.data-\[state\=closed\]\:duration-300[data-state=closed]{--tw-duration:.3s;transition-duration:.3s}.data-\[state\=open\]\:bg-secondary[data-state=open]{background-color:var(--chem-soft)}.data-\[state\=open\]\:duration-500[data-state=open]{--tw-duration:.5s;transition-duration:.5s}@media (min-width:40rem){.sm\:max-w-sm{max-width:var(--container-sm)}}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){.dark\:border-input{border-color:var(--chem-line)}.dark\:bg-input\/30{background-color:var(--chem-line)}@supports (color:color-mix(in lab,red,red)){.dark\:bg-input\/30{background-color:color-mix(in oklab,var(--chem-line)30%,transparent)}}@media (hover:hover){.dark\:hover\:bg-accent\/50:hover{background-color:var(--chem-soft)}@supports (color:color-mix(in lab,red,red)){.dark\:hover\:bg-accent\/50:hover{background-color:color-mix(in oklab,var(--chem-soft)50%,transparent)}}.dark\:hover\:bg-input\/50:hover{background-color:var(--chem-line)}@supports (color:color-mix(in lab,red,red)){.dark\:hover\:bg-input\/50:hover{background-color:color-mix(in oklab,var(--chem-line)50%,transparent)}}}}.\[\&_svg\]\:pointer-events-none svg{pointer-events:none}.\[\&_svg\]\:shrink-0 svg{flex-shrink:0}.\[\&_svg\:not\(\[class\*\=\\\'size-\\\'\]\)\]\:size-4 svg:not([class*="'size-'"]){width:calc(var(--spacing)*4);height:calc(var(--spacing)*4)}}:root{--chem-paper:#fbfcf9;--chem-surface:#fffefa;--chem-ink:#233e32;--chem-quiet:#65715e;--chem-primary:#24583d;--chem-line:#d9dfd0;--chem-soft:#edf2e7;--chem-sage:#789163;--chem-ring:#8fa87e;--chem-header-surface:#fff;--chem-warning:#73572d;--chem-warning-line:#d8c7a7;--chem-warning-surface:#fff9ee;color:var(--chem-ink);background:var(--chem-paper);font-family:var(--font-sans);font-synthesis:none;color-scheme:light;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}*{box-sizing:border-box}body{margin:0}::selection{background:#dce6d2}a,button{touch-action:manipulation}a,button,summary{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible,[tabindex="0"]:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--chem-primary);outline-offset:4px;border-radius:3px}[tabindex="-1"]:focus{outline:none}button,summary{cursor:pointer}sub,sup{line-height:0}.chem-app{font-size:17px;line-height:1.72}.chem-app p{margin:0 0 1em}.chem-app h1,.chem-app h2,.chem-app h3{color:var(--chem-ink);text-wrap:balance}.chem-app h1{font-family:var(--font-serif);letter-spacing:-.04em;max-width:760px;margin:0 0 22px;font-size:clamp(2.65rem,4.9vw,4.15rem);font-weight:400;line-height:1.07}.chem-app h2{font-family:var(--font-serif);letter-spacing:-.026em;margin:0 0 14px;font-size:clamp(1.6rem,2.7vw,2rem);font-weight:400;line-height:1.25}.chem-app h3{margin:0 0 9px;font-size:1.08rem;font-weight:650;line-height:1.4}.chem-app a{text-underline-offset:4px}.chem-app [data-slot=button]{border-radius:10px}.chem-app [data-slot=button].border{border-color:var(--chem-line)}.chem-skip{z-index:80;background:var(--chem-surface);color:var(--chem-primary);padding:10px 18px;position:fixed;top:-100px;left:16px}.chem-skip:focus{top:12px}.chem-header{z-index:30;background:var(--chem-header-surface);border-bottom:1px solid var(--chem-line);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(12px);backdrop-filter:blur(12px);justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;min-height:68px;padding:12px max(24px,50vw - 632px);font-size:14px;display:flex;position:sticky;top:0}.chem-brand-group{align-items:center;gap:22px;min-width:0;display:flex}.chem-brand{letter-spacing:-1px;white-space:nowrap;align-items:center;gap:10px;min-height:44px;font-size:24px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex}.chem-brand img{object-fit:contain;flex-shrink:0}.chem-brand-dot{color:#879a74}.chem-brand-subject{border-left:1px solid var(--chem-line);color:var(--chem-quiet);padding-left:22px;font-size:14px;text-decoration:none}.chem-brand-subject:hover{color:var(--chem-primary);text-decoration:underline}.chem-back-link{color:var(--chem-quiet);align-items:center;gap:7px;font-size:13px;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex}.chem-back-link:hover{color:var(--chem-primary);text-decoration:underline}.chem-layout{grid-template-columns:236px minmax(0,820px);gap:70px;max-width:1264px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 24px;display:grid}.chem-sidebar{align-self:start;max-height:calc(100dvh - 124px);margin-top:36px;padding:0 8px 24px 0;position:sticky;top:100px;overflow-y:auto}.chem-sidebar>.chem-eyebrow{margin:36px 0 14px}.chem-eyebrow{color:var(--chem-quiet);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.12em;font-size:11px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.6}.chem-contents{font-size:13px;line-height:1.5}.chem-contents ol{border-top:1px solid var(--chem-line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--chem-line);margin:8px 0;padding:10px 0;list-style:none}.chem-contents a{color:var(--chem-quiet);border-left:2px solid #0000;align-items:baseline;gap:9px;margin:2px 0;padding:8px 10px;text-decoration:none;display:flex}.chem-contents a:hover{background:var(--chem-soft);color:var(--chem-primary)}.chem-contents a[aria-current=page]{background:var(--chem-soft);color:var(--chem-primary);border-left-color:var(--chem-primary);font-weight:650}.chem-contents-number{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;color:var(--chem-quiet);flex-shrink:0;font-size:10px}.chem-contents small{color:var(--chem-quiet);margin-top:3px;font-size:10px;display:block}.chem-sidebar .chem-sidebar-note{color:var(--chem-quiet);margin:26px 10px 0;font-size:12px;line-height:1.6}.chem-main{min-width:0;padding-top:49px}.chem-hero,.chem-section{scroll-margin-top:105px}.chem-deck{color:var(--chem-quiet);max-width:660px;font-size:20px;line-height:1.6}.chem-track-switch{border:1px solid var(--chem-line);background:var(--chem-soft);border-radius:9px;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:3px;margin:9px 0 12px;padding:4px;display:inline-flex}.chem-track-switch a{color:var(--chem-quiet);border-radius:6px;padding:6px 14px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.6;text-decoration:none}.chem-track-switch a[aria-current=page]{color:var(--chem-surface);background:var(--chem-primary);box-shadow:0 1px 3px #233e3210}.chem-scope-note{color:var(--chem-quiet);font-size:12px;line-height:1.6}.chem-opening{background:var(--chem-soft);border:1px solid var(--chem-line);border-radius:12px;margin:30px 0 24px;padding:27px 28px}.chem-opening h2{font-family:var(--font-serif);letter-spacing:-.015em;font-size:27px;font-weight:400}.chem-opening>p:not(.chem-eyebrow){color:var(--chem-quiet);font-size:15px}.chem-opening ol{border-top:1px solid var(--chem-line);grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:17px;margin:24px 0 0;padding:19px 0 0;list-style:none;display:grid}.chem-opening li{font-size:13px;line-height:1.5}.chem-opening li span{color:var(--chem-quiet);margin-top:6px;font-size:12px;display:block}.chem-start-links{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px 25px;font-size:14px;display:flex}.chem-start-links a{color:var(--chem-primary);align-items:center;gap:9px;display:inline-flex}.chem-start-links a:first-child{font-weight:650}.chem-section{border-top:1px solid var(--chem-line);margin-top:46px;padding-top:44px}.chem-section-kicker{color:var(--chem-quiet);align-items:center;gap:14px;margin-bottom:11px;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;display:flex}.chem-section-summary{color:var(--chem-quiet);font-size:17px;margin-bottom:27px!important}.chem-pure-label{width:fit-content;color:var(--chem-quiet);background:var(--chem-soft);border:1px solid var(--chem-line);vertical-align:middle;border-radius:4px;padding:2px 7px;font-size:10px;font-weight:650;line-height:1.5;display:inline-block}.chem-extension>.chem-pure-label{margin-bottom:8px}.chem-block{margin:23px 0}.chem-block>p:last-child,.chem-callout p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.chem-figure{margin:29px 0}.chem-figure>figcaption{color:var(--chem-quiet);margin-top:12px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.65}.chem-table-wrap{border:1px solid var(--chem-line);background:var(--chem-surface);border-radius:9px;margin:26px 0;overflow-x:auto}.chem-table-wrap table{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left;width:100%;font-size:14px;line-height:1.7}.chem-table-wrap caption{text-align:left;color:var(--chem-quiet);background:var(--chem-soft);padding:11px 16px;font-size:12px;font-weight:650}.chem-table-wrap th,.chem-table-wrap td{border-top:1px solid var(--chem-line);vertical-align:top;padding:14px 16px}.chem-table-wrap thead th{color:var(--chem-quiet);letter-spacing:.035em;font-size:11px;font-weight:600}.chem-table-wrap tbody th{min-width:130px;font-weight:600}.chem-table-wrap tbody td{color:var(--chem-quiet)}.chem-mobile-cell-label{display:none}.chem-callout{background:var(--chem-soft);border-left:3px solid var(--chem-sage);border-radius:0 8px 8px 0;padding:20px 23px;font-size:15px}.chem-callout h3{font-size:15px}.chem-mistake{background:var(--chem-warning-surface);border-left-color:var(--chem-warning-line)}.chem-worked{background:var(--chem-surface);border:1px solid var(--chem-line);border-radius:11px;padding:25px 28px}.chem-worked-question{color:var(--chem-ink)}.chem-worked ol{counter-reset:step;margin:20px 0;padding:0;list-style:none}.chem-worked li{counter-increment:step;margin:17px 0;padding-left:37px;font-size:15px;position:relative}.chem-worked li:before{content:counter(step);background:var(--chem-soft);width:23px;height:23px;color:var(--chem-quiet);border-radius:50%;place-items:center;font-size:11px;font-weight:650;line-height:1;display:grid;position:absolute;top:2px;left:0}.chem-worked-answer{border-top:1px solid var(--chem-line);padding-top:18px;font-size:15px}.chem-worked-answer>strong{color:var(--chem-primary);margin-bottom:5px;font-size:12px;display:block}.chem-worked-answer p{margin:0}.chem-check{border:1px solid var(--chem-line);background:var(--chem-soft);border-radius:9px;font-size:15px}.chem-check summary{padding:19px 42px 19px 22px;list-style:none;position:relative}.chem-check summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.chem-check summary:after{content:"+";color:var(--chem-quiet);font-size:23px;font-weight:300;position:absolute;top:20px;right:20px}.chem-check[open] summary:after{content:"-"}.chem-check summary>span{display:block}.chem-check .chem-eyebrow{margin-bottom:7px;font-size:10px}.chem-reveal{color:var(--chem-quiet);margin-top:10px;font-size:11px}.chem-check[open] .chem-reveal{display:none}.chem-check-answer{border-top:1px solid var(--chem-line);color:var(--chem-ink);margin:0 22px;padding:17px 0 21px}.chem-revision tbody th strong,.chem-revision tbody th small,.chem-revision tbody th>span:not(.chem-pure-label){display:block}.chem-revision tbody th small{color:var(--chem-quiet);margin-bottom:10px;font-size:12px;font-weight:400}.chem-revision tbody th>span:not(.chem-pure-label){font-size:13px;font-weight:400}.chem-revision tbody th .chem-pure-label{margin-top:9px}.chem-revision-prompts{margin:27px 0;font-size:15px}.chem-revision-prompts p{border-left:2px solid var(--chem-line);padding-left:16px}.chem-revision-metal{font-size:15px}.chem-text-link{color:var(--chem-primary);font-size:14px;text-decoration:underline}.chem-sources{font-size:14px}.chem-sources h2{font-size:25px}.chem-sources>ul{margin:24px 0;padding:0;list-style:none}.chem-sources>ul li{margin-bottom:20px}.chem-sources a{color:var(--chem-primary);text-decoration:underline}.chem-sources li p{color:var(--chem-quiet);margin:6px 0 0;font-size:12px}.chem-pdf-label{border:1px solid var(--chem-line);vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;margin-left:4px;padding:0 4px;font-size:9px;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block}.chem-outcomes{border-top:1px solid var(--chem-line);padding:17px 0}.chem-outcomes summary{color:var(--chem-quiet);font-size:13px}.chem-outcomes ul{padding-left:20px;font-size:12px}.chem-outcomes li{margin:12px 0}.chem-outcomes li span{color:var(--chem-quiet);display:block}.chem-footer{border-top:1px solid var(--chem-line);color:var(--chem-quiet);justify-content:space-between;gap:15px;margin-top:35px;padding:27px 0 44px;font-size:12px;display:flex}.chem-mobile-nav{display:none}.chem-sheet{background:var(--chem-paper);width:min(90vw,350px);color:var(--chem-ink);padding:28px 22px;overflow-y:auto}.chem-sheet .chem-contents{margin-top:20px}.chem-drawer-print{min-height:44px;margin:18px 0;display:flex}.chem-hub{max-width:1000px;margin:auto;padding:80px 30px}.chem-hub h1{font-size:clamp(3rem,6vw,4.5rem)}.chem-hub-intro{max-width:660px;color:var(--chem-quiet);font-size:20px}.chem-hub-chapter{border:1px solid var(--chem-line);background:var(--chem-soft);border-radius:14px;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:42px;margin:42px 0 22px;padding:34px;display:grid}.chem-hub-chapter p{color:var(--chem-quiet);font-size:15px}.chem-course-choices{gap:14px;display:grid}.chem-course-choices a{background:var(--chem-surface);border:1px solid var(--chem-line);border-radius:8px;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:14px;padding:16px 20px;font-size:15px;text-decoration:none;display:flex}.chem-course-choices a:hover{border-color:var(--chem-sage)}.chem-course-choices small{color:var(--chem-quiet);margin-top:4px;font-size:11px;display:block}.chem-chapter-back{color:var(--chem-quiet);align-items:center;gap:7px;margin-bottom:25px;font-size:12px;display:inline-flex}.chem-nav-read{color:var(--chem-primary);flex-shrink:0;align-self:center;margin-left:auto}.chem-app progress{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;background:var(--chem-line);width:100%;height:5px;color:var(--chem-primary);border:0;border-radius:5px;display:block;overflow:hidden}.chem-app progress::-webkit-progress-bar{background:var(--chem-line);border-radius:5px}.chem-app progress::-webkit-progress-value{background:var(--chem-primary);border-radius:5px}.chem-app progress::-moz-progress-bar{background:var(--chem-primary);border-radius:5px}.chem-sidebar-progress{color:var(--chem-quiet);margin:26px 10px 0;font-size:11px}.chem-sidebar-progress p{margin-bottom:10px}.chem-drawer-progress{color:var(--chem-quiet);margin-top:15px;font-size:12px}.chem-overview-progress{background:var(--chem-soft);border:1px solid var(--chem-line);border-radius:10px;margin-top:27px;padding:21px 23px}.chem-overview-progress>div{flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:8px;margin-bottom:13px;display:flex}.chem-overview-progress strong{color:var(--chem-ink);font-size:14px}.chem-overview-progress span{color:var(--chem-quiet);font-size:12px}.chem-overview-progress p{color:var(--chem-quiet);margin:11px 0 0;font-size:11px}.chem-overview-actions{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:15px 23px;margin:25px 0 38px;display:flex}.chem-overview-actions>a:first-child{white-space:normal;text-align:left;max-width:100%;height:auto;min-height:44px;line-height:1.5}.chem-topic-map{margin:40px 0 0}.chem-topic-map-heading{border-bottom:1px solid var(--chem-line);justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:16px;padding-bottom:16px;display:flex}.chem-topic-map-heading h2{margin:0;font-size:25px}.chem-topic-map-heading>span{color:var(--chem-quiet);font-size:12px}.chem-topic-map ol{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}.chem-topic-map li{border-bottom:1px solid var(--chem-line)}.chem-topic-map li>a{grid-template-columns:32px 1fr 20px;gap:14px;padding:24px 8px;text-decoration:none;display:grid}.chem-topic-map li>a:hover{background:var(--chem-soft)}.chem-topic-number{color:var(--chem-quiet);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;padding-top:4px;font-size:12px}.chem-topic-map h3{margin:0 0 6px;font-size:19px;font-weight:600}.chem-topic-map p{color:var(--chem-quiet);max-width:580px;margin:0;font-size:14px;line-height:1.65}.chem-topic-map .chem-pure-label{margin-top:10px}.chem-topic-map li>a>svg{color:var(--chem-quiet);margin-top:7px}.chem-topic-read,.chem-topic-last{color:var(--chem-primary);align-items:center;gap:5px;margin-top:10px;font-size:11px;display:inline-flex}.chem-topic-map .chem-pure-label+.chem-topic-read,.chem-topic-map .chem-pure-label+.chem-topic-last{margin-left:9px}.chem-topic-last{color:var(--chem-quiet)}.chem-read-status{color:var(--chem-primary);align-items:center;gap:6px;font-size:12px;display:flex;margin-top:14px!important}.chem-save-warning{border-left:3px solid var(--chem-warning-line);background:var(--chem-warning-surface);color:var(--chem-warning);padding:12px 16px;font-size:13px;margin-top:19px!important}.chem-topic-jumps{color:var(--chem-primary);flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 20px;margin-top:24px;font-size:12px;display:flex}.chem-topic-jumps a{text-decoration:underline}.chem-topic-finish{border-top:1px solid var(--chem-line);margin-top:35px;padding:27px 0 8px}.chem-topic-finish>div{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:15px 20px;display:flex}.chem-topic-finish p{color:var(--chem-quiet);margin:0;font-size:12px}.chem-topic-finish button{min-height:44px}.chem-topic-finish .chem-progress-announcement{min-height:21px;color:var(--chem-primary);margin:12px 0 0}.chem-pagination{border-top:1px solid var(--chem-line);grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:24px;margin:30px 0 0;padding-top:25px;display:grid}.chem-pagination a{color:var(--chem-primary);align-items:center;gap:12px;font-size:14px;text-decoration:none;display:flex}.chem-pagination a:last-child{text-align:right;justify-content:flex-end}.chem-pagination a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.chem-pagination a>svg{flex-shrink:0}.chem-pagination small{text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.08em;color:var(--chem-quiet);margin-bottom:5px;font-size:10px;display:block}.chem-revisit{border-top:1px solid var(--chem-line);margin-top:38px;padding-top:28px}.chem-revisit h2{font-size:24px}.chem-revisit ul{margin:18px 0 25px;padding:0;list-style:none}.chem-revisit a{color:var(--chem-primary);align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:7px 0;font-size:14px;display:inline-flex}.chem-full-contents{padding:22px 0 0;font-size:13px}.chem-full-contents ul{color:var(--chem-primary);grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:10px 25px;padding-left:18px;display:grid}.chem-full-contents a{text-decoration:underline}.chem-app article[data-page=topic] h1{font-size:clamp(2.35rem,4.3vw,3.6rem)}.chem-library-hub,.chem-course-hub{max-width:1100px}.chem-course-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:20px;margin-top:38px;display:grid}.chem-course-grid>a{border:1px solid var(--chem-line);background:var(--chem-surface);border-radius:12px;flex-direction:column;padding:30px;text-decoration:none;transition:background-color .15s,border-color .15s;display:flex}.chem-course-grid>a:hover{border-color:var(--chem-sage);background:var(--chem-soft)}.chem-course-grid h2{font-size:29px}.chem-course-grid p:not(.chem-eyebrow){color:var(--chem-quiet);font-size:16px}.chem-course-grid small{color:var(--chem-quiet);margin-top:auto;font-size:11px;display:block}.chem-course-grid span{color:var(--chem-primary);justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;margin-top:22px;font-size:14px;display:flex}.chem-course-hub .chem-topic-map small{color:var(--chem-quiet);margin-top:10px;font-size:12px;display:block}.chem-authored-visual{background:var(--chem-soft);border:1px solid var(--chem-line);border-radius:10px;padding:22px}.chem-svg-frame{width:100%;overflow-x:auto}.chem-svg-frame>svg{width:100%;max-width:760px;height:auto;margin:0 auto;display:block}.chem-flow{margin:30px 0}.chem-flow>figcaption{color:var(--chem-ink);margin-bottom:14px;font-size:16px;font-weight:650}.chem-flow ol{counter-reset:flow;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(180px,1fr));gap:12px;padding:0;list-style:none;display:grid}.chem-flow li{counter-increment:flow;border-top:3px solid var(--chem-sage);background:var(--chem-soft);border-radius:5px;padding:15px 17px;font-size:14px}.chem-flow li:before{content:counter(flow,decimal-leading-zero);color:var(--chem-quiet);margin-bottom:8px;font-size:12px;display:block}.chem-flow strong{color:var(--chem-ink);margin-bottom:8px;display:block}.chem-flow p{margin:0}.chem-outcomes .chem-outcome-map{padding:0;list-style:none}.chem-outcomes .chem-outcome-map>li{border-bottom:1px solid var(--chem-line);padding:20px 0;display:block}.chem-outcome-map h3{font-size:15px}.chem-outcome-map h3 span{color:var(--chem-quiet);margin-right:8px;font-size:12px}.chem-outcomes .chem-outcome-map ul{padding-left:20px;list-style:outside}.chem-outcomes .chem-outcome-map ul li{margin:5px 0;display:list-item}.chem-outcome-map p{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 16px;margin:12px 0 0;display:flex}.chem-reference-list{margin-top:28px!important}@media (max-width:1080px){.chem-layout{grid-template-columns:210px minmax(0,1fr);gap:35px}.chem-main{padding-top:38px}.chem-header{padding-inline:24px}}@media (max-width:760px){.chem-app{font-size:16px;line-height:1.8}.chem-header{background:var(--chem-paper);-webkit-backdrop-filter:none;backdrop-filter:none;min-height:56px;padding:6px 17px}.chem-brand{gap:7px;font-size:21px}.chem-brand img{width:31px;height:31px}.chem-brand-group{gap:14px}.chem-brand-subject{padding-left:14px;font-size:12px}.chem-print{gap:0;width:44px;height:44px;padding:0;font-size:0}.chem-header>.chem-back-link{font-size:11px}.chem-header>.chem-back-link svg,.chem-header-reading>.chem-print,.chem-header-reading>.chem-back-link{display:none}.chem-mobile-nav{flex-shrink:0;align-items:center;display:flex}.chem-mobile-nav>a{min-height:44px;color:var(--chem-primary);align-items:center;font-size:12px;display:inline-flex}.chem-mobile-nav button{height:44px;font-size:12px}.chem-layout{padding:0 20px;display:block}.chem-app.is-enhanced .chem-sidebar{display:none}.chem-sidebar{max-height:none;margin:20px 0;position:static}.chem-sidebar>.chem-back-link,.chem-sidebar-note{display:none}.chem-main{padding-top:29px}.chem-hero,.chem-section,.chem-sidebar{scroll-margin-top:80px}.chem-deck{font-size:17px}.chem-app h1{margin-bottom:18px}.chem-track-switch a{padding:5px 10px;font-size:12px}.chem-scope-note{font-size:11px}.chem-opening{margin-top:25px;padding:22px 20px}.chem-opening h2{font-size:25px}.chem-opening ol{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:15px;margin-top:19px;padding-top:17px}.chem-opening li{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:baseline;gap:0 8px;display:flex}.chem-opening li span{margin:0}.chem-start-links{gap:11px 20px;font-size:12px}.chem-section{margin-top:36px;padding-top:32px}.chem-section-summary{font-size:15px}.chem-block{margin:22px 0}.chem-callout,.chem-worked{padding:20px}.chem-worked li,.chem-worked-answer,.chem-callout{font-size:14px}.chem-table-wrap table{min-width:0;font-size:14px;display:block}.chem-table-wrap caption{display:block}.chem-table-wrap thead{clip-path:inset(50%);white-space:nowrap;width:1px;height:1px;position:absolute;overflow:hidden}.chem-table-wrap tbody,.chem-table-wrap tbody tr{display:block}.chem-table-wrap tbody tr{border-top:1px solid var(--chem-line);padding:15px 17px}.chem-table-wrap tbody th,.chem-table-wrap tbody td{border:0;padding:0;display:block}.chem-table-wrap tbody th{margin-bottom:12px;font-size:16px}.chem-table-wrap tbody td+td{margin-top:13px}.chem-table-wrap tbody td:before{content:attr(data-label);letter-spacing:.04em;color:var(--chem-quiet);margin-bottom:4px;font-size:10px;font-weight:650;display:block}.chem-table-wrap tbody td.chem-labelled-cell:before{content:none}.chem-mobile-cell-label{letter-spacing:.04em;color:var(--chem-quiet);margin-bottom:4px;font-size:10px;font-weight:650;display:block}.chem-check{font-size:14px}.chem-check summary{padding-left:18px}.chem-hub{padding:44px 20px}.chem-hub-intro{font-size:17px}.chem-hub-chapter{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px;padding:24px}.chem-overview-progress{padding:18px}.chem-overview-actions{gap:14px 19px}.chem-overview-actions .chem-text-link{font-size:12px}.chem-topic-map li>a{grid-template-columns:22px 1fr 15px;gap:9px;padding:22px 0}.chem-topic-map h3{font-size:17px}.chem-topic-map p{font-size:13px}.chem-topic-map-heading h2{font-size:22px}.chem-pagination{gap:18px}.chem-pagination a{gap:8px;font-size:12px}.chem-full-contents ul{grid-template-columns:1fr}.chem-topic-finish button{min-height:44px}.chem-course-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.chem-course-grid>a{padding:24px}.chem-authored-visual{padding:16px 10px}.chem-flow ol{grid-template-columns:1fr}}@media (max-width:520px){.chem-brand-subject{display:none}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.chem-course-grid>a{transition:none}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){html{scroll-behavior:smooth}}.chem-app h1,.chem-app h2{font-family:var(--font-sans);font-weight:700}.chem-app h1,.chem-app article[data-page=topic] h1{font-size:clamp(2rem,4vw,2.8rem);line-height:1.2}.chem-header{-webkit-backdrop-filter:none;backdrop-filter:none}.chem-breadcrumbs{display:none}.chem-mode-nav{border-bottom:1px solid var(--chem-line);color:var(--chem-quiet);align-items:center;gap:22px;margin:-20px 0 28px;font-size:12px;display:flex}.chem-mode-nav a{border-bottom:2px solid #0000;align-items:center;min-height:52px;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex}.chem-mode-nav a:last-child{margin-left:auto}.chem-mode-nav a[aria-current]{color:var(--chem-primary);border-bottom-color:var(--chem-primary);font-weight:600}@media (max-width:760px){.chem-header-reading{background:#fff;gap:8px;min-height:61px;padding:0 10px}.chem-header-reading>.chem-brand-group,.chem-header-reading>.notes-app-link{display:none}.chem-header-reading .chem-mobile-nav{order:0}.chem-breadcrumbs{flex:1;order:1;align-items:center;gap:8px;min-width:0;font-size:11px;display:flex}.chem-breadcrumbs a,.chem-breadcrumbs svg{flex-shrink:0}.chem-breadcrumbs a{min-height:44px;color:var(--chem-quiet);align-items:center;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex}.chem-breadcrumbs span{white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden}.chem-mobile-nav button{min-width:44px;padding:10px}.chem-mode-nav{gap:18px;margin-top:-29px;font-size:11px}.chem-header:not(.chem-header-reading){flex-wrap:wrap}}@media print{@page{margin:17mm}body{overflow:visible!important}.chem-sheet,[data-slot=sheet-overlay]{display:none!important}:root,.chem-app{color:var(--chem-ink);background:#fff}.chem-app{font-size:10pt;line-height:1.55}.chem-mode-nav,.chem-header,.chem-sidebar,.chem-mobile-nav,.chem-track-switch,.chem-start-links,.chem-footer,.chem-skip,.chem-reveal,.chem-text-link,.chem-chapter-back,.chem-overview-progress,.chem-overview-actions,.chem-topic-finish,.chem-pagination,.chem-full-contents,.chem-topic-jumps,.chem-read-status,.chem-save-warning,.chem-revisit{display:none!important}.chem-layout{max-width:none;padding:0;display:block}.chem-main{padding:0}.chem-app h1{font-size:32pt}.chem-app h2{font-family:var(--font-serif);font-size:19pt}.chem-deck{font-size:12pt}.chem-section{margin-top:26px;padding-top:22px}.chem-opening,.chem-callout,.chem-worked,.chem-check,.chem-figure{break-inside:avoid}.chem-table-wrap{overflow:visible}.chem-table-wrap table{font-size:9pt;display:table}.chem-table-wrap caption{display:table-caption}.chem-table-wrap thead{clip-path:none;white-space:normal;width:auto;height:auto;display:table-header-group;position:static;overflow:visible}.chem-table-wrap tbody{display:table-row-group}.chem-table-wrap tbody th,.chem-table-wrap tbody td{min-width:0;margin:0;padding:8px;font-size:9pt;display:table-cell}.chem-table-wrap tbody tr{break-inside:avoid;padding:0;display:table-row}.chem-table-wrap tbody td:before{content:none}.chem-mobile-cell-label{display:none}.chem-check::details-content{content-visibility:visible!important}.chem-check-answer{display:block!important}.chem-section h2,.chem-section-summary{break-after:avoid}.chem-sources{font-size:9pt}.chem-outcomes{display:none}}@property --tw-rotate-x{syntax:"*";inherits:false}@property --tw-rotate-y{syntax:"*";inherits:false}@property --tw-rotate-z{syntax:"*";inherits:false}@property --tw-skew-x{syntax:"*";inherits:false}@property --tw-skew-y{syntax:"*";inherits:false}@property --tw-border-style{syntax:"*";inherits:false;initial-value:solid}@property --tw-font-weight{syntax:"*";inherits:false}@property --tw-shadow{syntax:"*";inherits:false;initial-value:0 0 #0000}@property --tw-shadow-color{syntax:"*";inherits:false}@property --tw-shadow-alpha{syntax:"<percentage>";inherits:false;initial-value:100%}@property --tw-inset-shadow{syntax:"*";inherits:false;initial-value:0 0 #0000}@property --tw-inset-shadow-color{syntax:"*";inherits:false}@property --tw-inset-shadow-alpha{syntax:"<percentage>";inherits:false;initial-value:100%}@property --tw-ring-color{syntax:"*";inherits:false}@property --tw-ring-shadow{syntax:"*";inherits:false;initial-value:0 0 #0000}@property --tw-inset-ring-color{syntax:"*";inherits:false}@property --tw-inset-ring-shadow{syntax:"*";inherits:false;initial-value:0 0 #0000}@property --tw-ring-inset{syntax:"*";inherits:false}@property --tw-ring-offset-width{syntax:"<length>";inherits:false;initial-value:0}@property --tw-ring-offset-color{syntax:"*";inherits:false;initial-value:#fff}@property --tw-ring-offset-shadow{syntax:"*";inherits:false;initial-value:0 0 #0000}@property --tw-outline-style{syntax:"*";inherits:false;initial-value:solid}@property --tw-blur{syntax:"*";inherits:false}@property --tw-brightness{syntax:"*";inherits:false}@property --tw-contrast{syntax:"*";inherits:false}@property --tw-grayscale{syntax:"*";inherits:false}@property --tw-hue-rotate{syntax:"*";inherits:false}@property --tw-invert{syntax:"*";inherits:false}@property --tw-opacity{syntax:"*";inherits:false}@property --tw-saturate{syntax:"*";inherits:false}@property --tw-sepia{syntax:"*";inherits:false}@property --tw-drop-shadow{syntax:"*";inherits:false}@property --tw-drop-shadow-color{syntax:"*";inherits:false}@property --tw-drop-shadow-alpha{syntax:"<percentage>";inherits:false;initial-value:100%}@property --tw-drop-shadow-size{syntax:"*";inherits:false}@property --tw-ease{syntax:"*";inherits:false}@property --tw-duration{syntax:"*";inherits:false}
